Linux Tutorial

Linux is a widely used open-source operating system, akin to Windows, macOS, and Android. It shares similarities with Unix, another operating system renowned for its commercial applications. Unix and Linux have comparable components, including the kernel, shell, and programs. Many commands in Unix and Linux exhibit similar behavior and syntax.

This Linux tutorial is designed for both beginners and experienced professionals, covering basic and advanced concepts of Linux such as Linux commands, directory and file management, man pages, file permissions, shells, and more. Additionally, we provide a collection of Linux interview questions to enhance your understanding of this operating system.

Linux Tutorial Page Index

1. Introduction to Linux

   - Introduction to Linux Operating System

   - Linux Full Form

   - What are Linux Distributions?

   - Examples of Linux Distributions

   - Difference between Linux and Unix

   - Why Linux?

2. Getting Started with Linux

   - How to Install and Run Linux Software in Windows 10 using WSL2?

   - How to Install Linux Mint?

   - Creating a Dual Boot System with Linux and Windows

   - How to Install Linux on Windows PowerShell Subsystem?

3. Basic Linux Commands

   - cp, touch, man, cal

   - pwd, mv, ln, grep, wc

   - mkdir, rm, cat, echo, df

   - cd, uname, clear, wget, whereis

   - rmdir, locate, ps, whoami, sort

4. Linux File System

   - Linux File Hierarchy Structure

   - Linux Directory Structure

   - File Management in Linux

5. Permissions in Linux

   - Files Listing with ls command

   - Changing Security Permissions with chmod command

   - Soft and Hard links in Unix/Linux

6. Package Management

   - apt-get command in Linux with Examples

   - Installation and Configuration of Yum in Red Hat Linux 8

   - YUM and DNF: YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modifier) and DNF (Dandified YUM)

   - Installing YUM

   - Debian Software Package Management (dpkg) in Linux

   - How to Install RPM Packages on Linux?

7. User and Group Management

   - sudo command in Linux with Examples

   - User Management in Linux

   - awk command

   - id username

   - sudo useradd username

   - passwd username

   - changing user ID

   - modifying group ID

8. Linux Networking

   - Network configuration and troubleshooting commands in Linux

   - ping, traceroute, netstat

   - ifconfig, hostname, route

   - nslookup, host, arp, dig

   - ethtool

   - How to configure network interfaces in CentOS?

9. Linux Networking Tools

   - Linux Firewall

   - What is Linux Firewall?

   - How to setup firewall in Linux?

   - Basic iptables commands

   - Managing firewall configuration

10. Shell Scripting

    - Introduction to Linux Shell and Shell Scripting

    - What is Kernel?

    - What is Shell?

    - Shell is broadly classified into two categories: Command Line Shell and Graphical Shells

    - What is a terminal?

    - Shell Scripting: Why do we need shell scripts?

    - Simple demo of shell scripting using Bash Shell

    - How to Create a Shell Script in Linux

    - Shell Scripting: Different types of Variables

    - Bash Scripting: Introduction to Bash and Bash Scripting

11. System Administration

    - What is Linux System Administration?

    - Overview of system administration

    - Role and responsibilities of a Linux system administrator

    - Importance of Linux system administration

    - Beginner’s Guide to Linux System Administration

    - How to monitor system usage, outages, and troubleshoot Linux Servers

    - System monitoring tools (e.g., top, htop, vmstat)

    - Log files and log management

    - Monitoring system resources (CPU, memory, disk usage)

    - Troubleshooting common issues (network connectivity, service failures)

    - Linux – Systemd and its Components

    - Boot Process with system in Linux

    - How to control systemd services on Remote Linux Server

12. Security and Hardening in Linux

    - Introduction to Linux Security Principles

    - Top 10 Linux Server Security Tips

    - What is System hardening?

    - Access Control Lists (ACL) in Linux

    - Permissions in Linux

    - Advance File Permissions in Linux

    - Linux Firewall

    - How to setup firewall in Linux

    - How to Setup an Iptables Firewall to Enable remote access to service in Linux

    - Introduction to SSH (Secure Shell) Keys

    - ssh command in Linux with Examples

    - All differences between SSH, SSL, Telnet, SFTP

    - Complete working of SSH

    - To change default SSH port

    - To generate SSH key with ssh-keygen

    - Encrypting and decrypting of Files

13. Advance Linux Concepts

    - Linux Kernel

    - Linux Loadable kernel Module

    - Virtualization with Docker Containers

    - Difference between Docker and Virtualization

    - How to install virtualBox In Linux?

    - How to install Ubuntu, RHEL8, CSI Linux, and Kali Linux on VirtualBox?

14. Networking Services

    - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

    - Domain Name System (DNS)

    - FTP

15. Web Server Administration

    - Difference between Apache and Nginx

    - What is Nginx(Web Server) and Apache

    - How to install and configure Nginx from Source on Linux

    - Examples of deploying web applications

16. Linux Cloud

    - Linux in Cloud

    - What is cloud computing?

    - Definition and key concepts of cloud computing

    - Benefits and challenges of cloud computing

    - Types of cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

    - Cloud deployment models (public, private, hybrid, multi-cloud)

17. Working with different package managers (dpkg, yum, dnf, apt-get)

    - dpkg Package Manager

    - yum Package Manager

    - dnf Package Manager

    - apt-get Package Manager

    - Package Management Best Practices

    - Package Manager Comparison

FAQs on Linux Tutorial

Q1: How to create a file in Linux?

To create a file in Linux, you can use the `touch` command followed by the desired file name. For example: touch filename.txt

Q2: Is Linux a programming skill?

No, Linux is not a programming skill. Linux is an operating system that provides a powerful command-line interface and a vast array of development tools and libraries, making it a preferred platform for software development.

Q3: What is a Linux command?

A Linux command is a text-based instruction entered into the terminal or command-line interface to perform specific operations.

Q4: How much time does it take to learn Linux?

Mastering Linux administration and advanced topics may require months or even years of continuous learning and hands-on experience.

Q5: What is Linux used for?

Linux is used in a wide range of applications and environments but it is commonly used as a server operating system due to its stability, security, and scalability.

Q6: What are the benefits of Linux?

There are several benefits of using Linux:

• Open Source: Linux is distributed under free open-source licenses, allowing users to access and modify the source code.
• Stability and Security: Linux is known for its stability and security, making it less prone to crashes, malware, and other vulnerabilities compared to other operating systems.
• Customization: Linux offers a high degree of customization, allowing users to configure and tailor their systems to specific needs and preferences.
• Compatibility: Linux supports a wide range of hardware architectures and offers compatibility with various file systems, software, and protocols.
• Performance: Linux is known for its efficiency and performance, often outperforming other operating systems, especially in resource-constrained environments.