Malware is a well-known threat in the world of cybersecurity, even to those who aren't experts in the field. It's successful because it's everywhere and always changing, posing a danger to computers, networks, and organizations worldwide. In 2019, about 150,000 new types of malware were identified, and by 2020, that number rose to 270,000. The threat of malware is increasing each year, so it's important for security teams to stay updated on how to prevent these attacks.
This article will explain what malware is, discuss the various types of malware and offer tips on how to prevent malware.
What Is Malware?
Malware is bad software that cybercriminals use to harm computers or networks. It can steal or delete data, encrypt information, send spam, spy on users, demand money, take control of a system, or change how it works. Malware can get into computers or networks through infected email attachments, ads, apps, or websites.
Now, let's talk about the types of malware before we discuss how to stop them.
Types of Malware
Below are the main categories of malware that cybersecurity experts should be familiar with:
1. Viruses: These act like biological viruses, infecting and spreading throughout systems, changing how they work, and spreading to other systems.
2. Worms: Similar to viruses, worms infect and spread through networks but can do so without needing to be activated by a user or attached to a program.
3. Ransomware: This malware encrypts data, blocking users from accessing their systems or information until they meet the attacker's demands, which often includes paying a ransom.
4. Spyware: This malicious software steals data and monitors user activity, including keystrokes, and can even access cameras and microphones.
5. Adware: While less harmful, adware compromises user data to force them to view advertisements.
6. Trojans: Like the Trojan horse of legend, trojans disguise themselves as desirable software to gain access to a system, potentially leading to more serious attacks.
7. Rogueware: This deceives users into compromising their systems by pretending to be a malware alert, infecting the device once the user interacts with it.
How to Prevent Malware Attacks
To prevent malware attacks, cybersecurity professionals should:
1. Use security software: Employ anti-malware, anti-ransomware, and other security tools to detect and protect against threats.
2. Implement anti-lateral movement: Use technology that prevents malware from spreading to other devices on the network.
3. Use strong passwords and secure authentication: Use complex passwords and multi-factor authentication to protect against password theft.
4. Educate users: Train all users on cybersecurity best practices and how to recognize and report suspicious activity.
5. Enforce safe browsing and email use: Ensure users follow safe browsing practices and scrutinize emails for signs of phishing or malware.
6. Keep software up to date: Install updates promptly to patch vulnerabilities and remove unused programs.
7. Use microsegmentation technologies: Employ edge microsegmentation and hardware-enforced isolation to enhance endpoint defense.